I had the opportunity to talk to several associate members this past week at the convention in Florida. One thing I noticed was that no one mentioned DEF, Urea, or SCR. I decided to bring up the topic and was surprised how many people were unaware of the new diesel engine emissions standards that go into effect on Jan 1, 2010. In an effort to educate our members I asked Scott Parker if I could submit a brief overview of the topic that would get people thinking about what they need to do to prepare for next year. The following is a list of facts compiled from several sources about SCR technology. Knowing the facts could save you money and help you discover an additional source of revenue for your company.
What is SCR?
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is the use of urea based DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) and a catalytic converter to reduce smog forming nitrogen oxides by changing NOx into nitrogen and water through a chemical reaction caused by the urea. This technology has been in use on trucks in Europe for 5 years and is currently used in some US industrial plants.
Why do I need to know about SCR and DEF?
SCR is the technology that most major diesel manufacturers have adopted to meet the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency emissions standards. To my knowledge, the only manufacturer using an alternative solution is Navistar (International).
What is DEF?
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is an integral part of the SCR process. It is a nontoxic solution of 67.5% distilled water and 32.5% automotive grade urea.
What is Urea?
“Urea is a compound of nitrogen that turns to ammonia when heated. It is used in a variety of industries, including fertilizer in agriculture. Urea is naturally occurring, but it is also commonly made from natural gas” (Source: NA Diesel Exhaust Fluid FAQ – 9/23/2008). It is not flammable and is not listed by any US or Canadian Transportation authority as a hazardous material. (Source: Detroit Diesel, “DEF Fact or Fiction”)
Is DEF a fuel additive?
No. ”DEF is injected into the hot exhaust upstream of the catalyst where it vaporizes and decomposes to form ammonia and carbon dioxide.” (Source: CumminsFiltration.com, 2009). It is stored in a plastic or stainless steel tank, separate from the diesel fuel.
How much DEF will I need?
Initial estimates range from 2% to 3% of the diesel fuel consumed. For example, for every 100 gallons of fuel consumed, anywhere from 2-3 gallons of DEF will be used.
What will DEF cost?
This will depend on a number of factors but will most likely be most affected by the quantity purchased. I have seen estimates around $2.60/gallon (this is about what it sells for in Europe) for bulk purchases. The price will fluctuate along with natural gas prices.
Where will I get DEF?
Travel Centers of America and Pilot Truck Stops will be stocking DEF in bulk by 2010 and Flying J and Love’s Truck Stops have also committed to having 2.5 gallon DEF containers available for sale in 2010 (Source: Transport Topics, December 15) Product should be available at the dealerships as well.
What does this technology do to the price of a new chassis?
“Volvo Trucks North America (VTNA) has announced its Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2010 emissions reduction technology using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) will carry a surcharge of $9,600.” (Source: http://fleetowner.com/equipment/volvo-emissions-reduction-surcharge-0303/) After talking to several dealers of various make chassis, the feedback we have received is that 2010 pricing will increase anywhere from $5,000 - $10,000 depending on the size engine. If you are thinking about buying a truck in the next few months, buying a pre-DEF model could save you as much as 10%.
What happens if my truck runs out of DEF?
“The SCR monitoring system in trucks will warn drivers when the DEF level is running low, beginning with flashing lights and audible warnings, then automatically cutting the top speed to 55 mph and finally to 5 mph, if the tank runs empty, DDC officials said.” (Source: Transport Topics, Dec. 15 print edition)
What is the advantage of DEF and SCR technology?
Aside from the obvious environmental benefits, SCR technology has been reported to increase fuel economy by as much as 5%. Also, engines may run cooler than EGR and/or have less frequent regeneration.
What other things should I think about with DEF?
You should be thinking about which of the customers in your area will become a distributor of DEF. Is this product a good fit for your company? The distribution of DEF could become an additional source of revenue for your company.
Here is a list of online resources if you would like to learn more about DEF and SCR: www.Factsaboutscr.com www.detroitdiesel.com www.dieselexhaustfluid.com www.epa.gov www.urea-scr.com www.truckscr.com
Written by NORA Member: John Faris III Jfaris3@trucktanks.com Oilmen’s Truck Tanks 140 Cedar Springs Rd Spartanburg, SC 29302 864-573-9633 Ext 7572 www.deftrucktanks.com
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